A NOVEL IDEA-128 ENHANCEMENT USING NOISY INJECTION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR INCREASING CIPHERTEXT SECURITY
Authors: Rangel-Lugo, Edgar, Rangel-Ríos, Kevin Uriel, Rangel-Ríos, Cinthya Maybeth, Bernal-Beltrán, Carlos Alberto, Rodríguez-Torres, César Del Ángel, González-Vidales, Leonel
Affiliation: Tecnológico Nacional de México. Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Altamirano.
Category:
Keywords: Applications of AI, cryptography, dynamic encryption methods, noisy injection strategies
ABSTRACT. Digital data theft poses a significant risk to an organisation's financial well-being. This situation can be addressed through dynamic encryption, which generates distinct ciphertexts for the same unique plaintext. In this study, we investigate cybersecurity strategies that they incorporate random noisy schemes and artificial intelligence, highlighting their potential benefits and challenges because these are our aims of research. A new approach to cybersecurity involves injecting noise into ciphertext, they are well known as random noisy strategies. These methodologies have shown to be effective in thwarting cyber threats. This research is future work of random noisy alternatives because it was observed that they have not experimented with the IDEA-128 encryption algorithm over ciphertext. It is not considered good for the organisations. In particular, those who have opted for the employment of IDEA-128 standard, taking into account that the random noisy strategies have revealed very promising results. This research is important because it builds on experiments that they have used artificial intelligence to inject noise into IDEA-encrypted ciphertext, offering organisations a new approach to enhance security. This work introduces the random noisy IDEA-128 strategy, as a novel dynamic data encryption method. We also compare its performance to four random noisy schemes based on DES, 3DES, AES-256, and GOST R 34.12-2015 algorithms because the experimental results have shown an increasing of the noisy injection performance on ciphertext. In conclusion, the novel alternatives that have been suggested here might be difficult for the strategies of cybercriminals to decrypt, and even for algorithms based on quantum computing.
References:
Delman, B. 2004. "Genetic Algorithms in Cryptography". M.S. thesis [Thesis for the Degree of Master of Science in Computer Engineering], Department of Computer Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, RIT Scholar Works, Rochester, New York. (https://scholar.google.com.mx/scholar_url?url=https://repository.rit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D6460%26context%3Dtheses&hl=es&sa=X&ei=cbaZZoadNt246rQPnd604AU&scisig=AFWwaeaMfCM5ORUFQN6DU4LA3aEG&oi=scholarr, 23/03/2024).
Kalsi, S., Kaur, H., and Chang, V. 2018. "DNA Cryptography and Deep Learning using Genetic Algorithm with NW algorithm for Key Generation", Convergence of Deep Machine Learning and Nature Inspired Computing Paradigms for Medical Informatics, Image and Signal Processing, in Journal of Medical Systems, [e-ISSN: 1573-689X], vol. 42, no. 17, december issue. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-017-0851-z.
Mendoza, J.C. 2008. "Demostración De Cifrado Simetrico Y Asimétrico", [Universidad Politécnica Salesian. Cuenca, Ecuador. ISSN: 1390-650X], Ingenius, Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología, núm. 3, pp. 46-53. (http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=505554806007, 09/11/2024).
Rangel, E., and Rangel, K.U. 2024a. "Novel Random Encryption Methods Based On Mutation Strategies Of Artificial Intelligence", SPCSJ: Scientific and Practical Cyber Security Journal [Published by Scientific Cyber Security Association in Tbilisi, Georgia], ISSN: 2587-4667, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 84-91, september issue. (https://journal.scsa.ge/ issue/september-2024/, 05/11/2024).
Rangel, E., Rangel, K.U., and González, L. 2025a. "Dynamic Encryption Methods Based On Noisy Injection And Camouflaging Ciphertext Strategies With Artificial Intelligence". SPCSJ, Scientific and Practical Cyber Security Journal [Published by Scientific Cyber Security Association in Tbilisi, Georgia, ISSN: 2587–4667], vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 82-104, march issue. (https://journal.scsa.ge/papers/dynamic-encryption-methods-based-on-noisy-injection-and-camoufla ging-ciphertext-strategies-with-artificial-intelligence/, 23/04/2025).
Rangel, E., Rangel, K.U., and González, L. 2025b. "Inyección De Ruido Para Encriptado De Datos Dinámico Con Inteligencia Artificial. Caso De Estudio: Algoritmo GOST R 34.12-2015", Revista Electrónica de Divulgación de la Investigación del SABES [Revista de la universidad del SABES, Editada por Sistema Avanzado de Bachillerato y Educación Superior en el Estado de Guanajuato. México, ISSN: 2007-3542], vol. 29, pp. 11-36, edición junio. (https://sabes.edu.mx/revista-electronica/28/#), Available at: (https://sabes.edu.mx/revista-electronica/28/docs/2_inyeccion_de_ruido.pdf, 01/08/2025).
Rangel, E., and Rangel, K.U. 2025a. "Mejorando la seguridad del algoritmo Camellia, mediante la inyección de ruido sobre textos cifrados utilizando procesos basados en inteligencia artificial", INTELETICA, Revista de Inteligencia Artificial, Ética y Sociedad [Edited & Published by IBERAMIA, Iberoamerican Society of Artificial Intelligence – Sociedad Iberoamericana de Inteligencia Artificial in Valencia, España, ISSN: 3020-7444], vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 75-101, september issue. https://inteletica.iberamia.org/index.php/journal/issue/view/4 (https://inteletica.iberamia.org/index.php/journal/article/view/45, 03/09/2025).
Rangel, E., Rangel, K.U., González, L., Ortiz, A., and Rodríguez, C.A. 2025c. "Four Dynamic Encryption Alternatives With Artificial Intelligence Based On Pseudo-Hexadecimal Noisy Injection Schema For Handling The Theft Of Digital Data Problem", SPCSJ, Scientific and Practical Cyber Security Journal [Edited by SCSA - SPCSJ - BOAI, Published by Scientific Cyber Security Association in Tbilisi, Georgia, e-ISSN: 2587-4667], vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 59-77, june issue, https://journal.scsa.ge/issue/june-2025/, (https://journal.scsa.ge/papers/four-dynamic-encryption-alternatives-with-artificial-intelligence-based-on-pseudo-hexadecimal-noisy-injection-schema-for-handling-the-theft-of-digital-data-problem/, 27/07/2025).
Rangel, E., Rangel, K.U., Medrano, J., Bernal, C.A., and González, L. 2023. "Algoritmo Genético Para Cifrado De Datos, Basado En Un Nuevo Concepto Pseudo-Hexadecimal Con Inteligencia Artificial", Tecnológico Nacional De México, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Altamirano, Sexto (VI) Congreso Nacional De Investigación En Ciencia E Innovación De Tecnologías Productivas, Cd. Altamirano, Estado De Guerrero, México. Noviembre. (https://www.cdaltamirano.tecnm.mx/index.php/17-vi-congreso-nacional-de-investigacion-en-ciencia-e-innovacion-de-tecnologias-productivas/140-tecnm-40, 23/03/2024).
Rangel, E., Rangel, K.U., and González, L. 2024. "Cifrado De Datos Dinámico Con Inteligencia Artificial, Utilizando El Nuevo Formato Pseudo-Hexadecimal", Revista Electrónica de Divulgación de la Investigación del SABES [Revista de la Universidad del SABES, Editada por Sistema Avanzado de Bachillerato y Educación Superior en el Estado de Guanajuato. México, ISSN: 2007-3542], vol. 28, edición diciembre issue. (https://sabes.edu.mx/revista-electronica/27/# , 17/12/2024).
Rangel, E., and Rangel, K.U. 2024b. "La Regla Del Vecino Más Cercano Como Alternativa Para Inyectar Ruido A Mensajes Encriptados Por El Algoritmo: Noised Random Hexadecimal", INTELETICA, Revista de Inteligencia Artificial, Ética y Sociedad [Editado por IBERAMIA, Iberoamerican Society of Artificial Intelligence – Sociedad Iberoamericana de Inteligencia Artificial, España, ISSN: 3020-7444], vol. 1, num. 2, (Dec.), pp. 1–15, (https://inteletica.iberamia.org/index.php/journal/article/view/16, 23/03/2025).
Álvarez, D. 2019. "Algunos Aspectos Jurídicos Del Cifrado De Comunicaciones", Derecho PUCP [Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú], núm. 83, pp. 241-264, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18800/derechopucp.201902.008, (http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=533662765008, 09/11/2024).
Barranco, F., and Galindo, C. 2022. "Criptografía básica y algunas aplicaciones". Universidad Jaume I, Departamento de Matemáticas, Castellón, España, octubre. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10234/ 201359, (https://repositori.uji.es/items/35da2f29-ee4a-4dbc-a82f-c450a81cf9be,13/04/2025).
Gómez, S., Arias, J.D., and Agudelo, D. 2012. "Cripto-Análisis Sobre Métodos Clásicos De Cifrado". Scientia Et Technica, [Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Pereira, Colombia, ISSN: 0122-1701, Año: XVII], vol. 2, no. 50, pp. 97-102, abril issue, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22517/23447214.6681, (https://revistas.utp.edu.co/index.php/revistaciencia/article/view/6681, 16/04/2025).
Javidi, B., and Horner, J.L. 1994. "Optical Pattern Recognition for Validation and Security Verification", Optical Engineering [ISSN: 0091-3286], vol. 33, issue: 6, pp. 1752-1756, june issue, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.170736,(https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/optical-engineering/volume-33/issue-6/0000/ Optical-pattern-recognition-for-validation-and-security-verification /10.1117/12.170736.short, 14/ 04/2025).
Reddaiah, B. 2019. "A Study on Genetic Algorithms for Cryptography", International Journal of Computer Applications, [Department of Computer Applications, Yogi Vemana University Kadapa, A.P, India, ISSN: 0975-8887], vol. 177, no. 28, pp. 1-4, december. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2019919509, (https://www. researchgate.net/publication/338012809_A_Study_on_Genetic_Algorithms_for_Cryptography, 23/03/2024).
Sebas, C. 2023. "¿Qué son los Algoritmos Genéticos en las Inteligencias Artificiales?", Manuales y Tutoriales de Informatica. (https://aprendeinformaticas.com/ia/, 23/03/2024).
Paul, S., Dasgupta, P., Naskar, P.K., and Chaudhuri, A. 2017. "Secured image encryption scheme based on DNA encoding and chaotic map". Review Of Computer Engineering Studies, [IIETA: International Information and Engineering Technology Association, ISSN: 2369-0755, e-ISSN: 2369-0763], vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 70-75, june issue. DOI: 10.18280/rces.040206, (https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://iieta.org/sites/default/files/Journals/RCES/04.02_06.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjVlYfordOMAxVVLUQIHXknBWsQFnoECB4QAQ&usg=AOvVaw3yvem4PsuKbMM9009owuAJ, 12/04/2015).
Oppliger, R. 2005. "Contemporary cryptography", 1ra. ed., Artech House Computer Security Library, [Boston/London, ISBN: 1-58053-642-5, 978-8189265038], 510p. (https://www.google.com/ url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Gentoomen%2520Library/Cryptography/Contemporary%2520Cryptography%2520-%2520Rolf%2520Oppliger.pdf&ved= 2ahUKEwiT1tm1xNWMAxUAmO4BHWYLNa0QFnoECBoQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3GvxLI6QzJhvEXqcl9efPz, 13/04/2025).
Stinson, D.R., and Paterson, M.B. 2019. "Cryptography: Theory and Practice", (4ta ed.). Chapman and Hall Book/CRC Press [Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN: 978-1-1381-9701-5]. (https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.ic.unicamp.br/~rdahab/cursos/mo421-mc889/Welcome_files/Stinson-Paterson_CryptographyTheoryAnd Practice-CRC%2520Press%2520%25282019%2529.pdf&ved=2ah UKEwi8_euUtdWMAxWzh-4BHShGAaQQFnoECCUQAQ&usg=AOv Vaw1DCBGkDbaZMeHuyR45xZZC, 13/04/2025).
Van-Tilborg, H.C.A. 2005. "Encyclopedia Of Cryptography And Security", TUE Research portal. Springer, pp. 114-115, 201-202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23483-7, (09/11/2024).
Baklaga, L. 2024. "Leading The Way In Quantum-Resistant Cryptography For Everyday Safety". SPCSJ, Scientific and Practical Cyber Security Journal [Scientific Cyber Security Association (SCSA).Tbilisi, Georgia, ISSN: 2587-4667], vol. 8, no. 3, pp 65-73. (https://journal.scsa.ge/papers/leading-the-way-in-quantum-resistant-cryptography-for-everyday-safety/, 23/03/2025).
Bavdekar, R., Eashan-Jayant, C., Ankit, A., and Tiwari, K. 2023. "Post Quantum Cryptography: A Review of Techniques, Challenges, and Standardizations", In 2023 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN).
Dang, Q.H., and Le H.Q. 2022."Improved cryptanalysis of the RSA algorithm using side-channel attacks", Journal of Information Security and Applications, vol. 65, no. 103313.
Luciano, D., and Prichett, G. 1987. "Cryptology: From Caesar Ciphers To Public-key Cryptosystems". The College Mathematics Journal, vol. 18, pp. 2-17. (http://www.jstor.org/stable/2686311, 06/06/2025).
Rahman, M.S., and Hossain, M.S. 2021. "A Secure Private Key Cryptography Scheme Using RSA and AES". Journal of Cybersecurity, 1(1), pp. 1-9.
Rodríguez, J. 2020. "Operadores Genéticos Aplicados A La Criptografía Simétrica", [Proyecto De Grado], Universidad Distrital Francisco José De Caldas. Facultad De Ingeniería. Ingeniería De Sistemas. Bogotá, Colombia. (https://repository.udistrital.edu.co/ handle/11349/28192, 06/05/2024).
Baker, M., and Schiller, J. 2015. "ECIES: Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme", In Cryptography and Network Security, Springer, pp. 245-263. (https://medium.com/asecuritysite-when-bob-met-alice/elliptic-curve-integrated-encryption-scheme-ecies-encrypting-using-elliptic-curves-dc8d0b87eaa, 23/03/2025).
Hankerson, D., Hernandez, J.L., and Menezes, A.J. 2004. "Software implementation of elliptic curve cryptography over binary fields", Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000, [K. Ko¸c and C. Paar (Eds.) – CHES 2000, LNCS 1965], pp. 1–24. (https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=springerlink&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fcontent%2Fpdf%2F10.1007%2F3-540-44499-8_1.pdf, 23/03/2025).
Montgomery, P.L. 1987. "Speeding up the Pollard rho method", Mathematics of Computation, vol. 48, no. 177, pp. 453-456.
NIST. 2013. "Special Publication 800-56A Revision 2: Recommended methods for key establishment using public key cryptography", NIST Special Publication 800-56A. (https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/specialpublications/nist.sp.800-56ar2.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwio1eCz3KGMAxWgJ0QIHY c4BXQQFnoECBsQAQ&usg=AOvVaw367-qADImRilvhabe1UtQr), (https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url =https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/56/a/r2/final&ved= 2ahUKEwio1eCz3KGMAxWgJ0QIHYc4BXQQFnoECBwQAQ&usg= AOvVaw183JO5CLTxYuENINrMwqgL, 23/03/2025).
Dhany, H.W., Izhari, F., Fahmi, H., Tulus, M., and Sutarman, M. 2018. "Encryption and Decryption using Password Based Encryption, MD5, and DES", Published by Atlantis Press, [ISSN: 2352-5398. Open Access: CC BY-NC], license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
Kumar, A., and Sharma, S. 2021. "A Study on Historical Cryptographic Techniques: Caesar Cipher to DES", International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 30(2), pp. 555-564.
Van, H.C., and Jajodia, S. 2011. "Encyclopedia Of Cryptography And Security". Springer Science & Business Media, [ISBN: 978-14419-5907-2], 1416p.
Fulgueira, M., Hernández, OA., and Henry, V. 2015. "Paralelización Del Algoritmo Criptográfico GOST Empleando El Paradigma De Memoria Compartida", Lámpsakos, núm. 14, pp. 18-24. Fundación Universitaria Luis Amigó Medellín, Colombia. E-ISSN: 2145-4086; july-december, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21501/21454086.1633. Available at: (http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=613965326004, 09/11/2024).
Dunkelman, O., Keller, N., and Weizmann, A. 2023. "Practical-Time Related-Key Attack on GOST with Secret S-boxes". In: Handschuh, H., Lysyanskaya, A. (eds) Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO 2023. CRYPTO 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Annual International Cryptology Conference. Publisher by Springer, Cham., eBook Packages: Computer Science R0), ISBN: 978-3-031-38547-6, e-ISBN: 978-3-031-38548-3, vol. 14083, no. 1, pp. 177-208, august, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38548-3_7.
Courtois, N.T. 2012. "Security Evaluation Of GOST 28147-89". In: View Of International Standardisation. Cryptologia, Vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 2-13.
Ishchukova, E., Maro, E., and Pristalov, P. 2020. "Algebraic Analysis of a Simplified Encryption Algorithm GOST R 34.12-2015". Computation, 8(2), 51, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/computation8020051. Available at: (https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/8/2/51, 06/06/2024).
Gundaram, P.K. 2024. "Algebraic Cryptanalysis of Reduced-Round International Data Encryption Algorithm", Research Square, ISSN: 2693-5015 (online), PREPRINT (Version 1), august, doi: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4785692/v1. (https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4785692/latest.pdf, 23/08/2024).
Saini, A., Tsokanos, A., and Kirner, R. 2023. "CryptoQNRG: a new framework for evaluation of cryptographic strength in quantum and pseudorandom number generation for key-scheduling algorithms", The Journal of Supercomputing (e-ISSN: 1573-0484), vol. 79, pp. 12219–12237, july, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-023-05115-4. Available at: (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-023-05115-4, 14/04/2025).
Daemen, J., and Rijmen, V. 2002. "The Design of Rijndael: AES - The Advanced Encryption Standard". Springer. DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-04722-4, (23/03/2025)
Iavich, M., Kuchukhidze, T., and Gagnidze, A. 2024. "Post-quantum Digital Signature Using Verkle Trees And Lattices", SPCSJ, Scientific and Practical Cyber Security Journal [SCSA, Scientific Cyber Security Association, Tbilisi, Georgia, ISSN: 2587-4667], vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 35-52. (https://journal.scsa.ge/issues-archive/, 23/03/2025).
Fuegner, P. 2024. "Are RSA and AES Both at Risk From the Quantum Threat?", QuSecure, Inc. (https://www.qusecure.com/are-rsa-and-aes-both-at-risk-from-the-quantum-threat/#:~:text=The%20emergence%20of%20quantum%20computers,efficiently%20factoring%20large%20prime%20numbers, 2025-02-08).
Sengupta, S., and Ghosh, S. 2023. "Quantum Computing Encryption Threats: Why RSA and AES Are at Risk", Journal of Cryptographic Research.
Thakur, J., and Kumar, N. 2011. "DES, AES and Blowfish: Symmetric Key Cryptography Algorithms Simulation Based Performance Analysis", International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, pp. 6-12.
Rangel, E. 2002. "Vecinos Envolventes para Variantes de la Regla del Vecino más Cercano", [MSc.Thesis], Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca, Metepec, México.
Rangel, E. 2022. "La Regla De Los k Vecinos Más Cercanos (k-NN) Basada En Distancia De Manhattan (City-Block) Para Mejorar La Clasificación De Patrones", In Quinto (V) Congreso Nacional De Investigación En Ciencia E Innovación De Tecnologías Productivas. Tecnológico Nacional De México, campus: Instituto Tecnológico de Cd. Altamirano, Estado De Guerrero, México, noviembre. (http://erangel.coolpage.biz/pappers/ edgarrangel2022.pdf, 06/06/2025).
Iyengar, S.S., Kannan, R., and Ganapathi, S. 2021. "Inteligencia artificial y criptografía: Tendencias y desafíos", IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 833-844.
Liu, X., and Wang, X. 2022. "Quantum cryptanalysis of lattice-based cryptographic protocols", Physical Review X, vol. 12, no. 2 (021004).
Singh, A.K., Kumar, P., and Singh, R. 2021. "Aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en la criptografía: Una revisión", Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 257-275.
Mitchell, T.M. 2020. "Machine learning", (2ª ed.), McGraw-Hill.
Ross-Quinlan, J. 1993. "C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning", Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA
Russell, S.J., and Norvig, P. 2020. "Inteligencia artificial: Un enfoque moderno", (4ª ed.), Pearson.
Hartmann, A.K. 2020. "Heuristic search in graphs", Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, vol. 68, pp. 1-33.
Sánchez, J.S., Pla, F., and Ferri, F.J. 1997. "Prototype selection for the nearest neighbor rule through proximity graphs", Pattern Recognition Letters 18, pp. 507-513.
Kuncheva, L.I., and Jain, L.C. 1999. "Nearest Neighbor Classifier: Simultaneous editing and feature selection", Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 20, pp. 1149-1156.
Murphy, K.P. 2022. "Probabilistic machine learning: An introduction", MIT Press
Reddaiah, B. 2016. "A Study on Pairing Functions for Cryptography", IJCA (0975-8887), vol. 149, no. 10, pp. 4-7, september
Skalak, D.B. 1994. "Prototype and Feature Selection by Sampling and Random Mutation Hill Climbing Algorithms", In ML94, Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Machine Learning, [Morgan Kaufmann], pp. 293-301.
Clark, A. 1994. "Modern optimisation algorithms for cryptanalysis", In Proceedings of the 1994 Second Australian and New Zealand Conference on Intelligent Information Systems, November 29 - December 2, pp. 258-262.
Griindlingh, W., and Van-Vuuren, J.H. 2003. "Using Genetic Algorithms to Break a Simple Cryptographic Cipher", (submitted 2002), Retrieved March 31, unpublished. (http://dip.sun.ac.za/~vuuren/abstracts/abstr_genetic.htm).
Matthews, R.A.J. 1993. "The use of genetic algorithms in cryptanalysis", Cryptologia, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 187-201.
Bruzzone, L., and Serpico, S.B. 1997. "Classification of Imbalanced remote-sensing data by neural networks", Elsevier Science B.V. , [0167-8655, 97, PH S0167-8655 (97) 00109-8]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8655(97)00109-8. (https://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167865597001098, 01/06/2025).
Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., and Courville, A. 2021. "Deep learning", MIT Press.
Barandela, R., Sánchez, J.S., García, V., and Rangel, E. 2003. "Strategies for Learning in Class Imbalance Problems", Pattern Recognition [Rapid and Brief Comunication, Pergamon, ISBN: PII: S0031-3203(02)00257-1.0031-3203/02/], vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 849-851. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3203(02)00257-1, (01/06/2025).
Lewis, D., and Catlett, J. 1994. "Heterogeneous Uncertainty Sampling for Supervised Learning", Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML'94, [New Brunswick, New Jersey, Morgan Kaufmann], pp. 148-156.
Cover, T.M., and Hart, P.E. 1967. "Nearest Neighbor Pattern Classification", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, [e-ISSN: 1557-9654], vol. IT-13, january, pp. 21-27. DOI: 10.1109/TIT.1967.1053964. (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/ 1053964/, 23/03/2024).
Rangel, E., and Rangel, K.U. (in review 2024c). "Novel Pseudo-Hexadecimal Encryption Strategies For Camouflaging Ciphertext Based On Nearest Neighbor With Artificial Intelligence", IJCOPI, International Journal of Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Informatics, ISSN: 2007-1558, manuscript in review since 2024. https://ijcopi.org/ojs/authorDashboard/submission/529, unpublished.
Microsoft. 2025. "Descarga de software", Microsoft. (https://www.microsoft.com/es-mx/software-download, 01/06/2015).
Python.org. 2024. "The Python Network", Python.org. (https://www.python.org/downloads/, 18/11/2024).
Google, Android 12. 2024. "Sistema operativo para dispositivos móviles", Google. (https://www.android.com/intl/es_es/android-12/, 01/06/2025).
Pydroid3 versión 7.4_arm64. 2025. "IDE for Python 3. Lenguaje de programación y compilador", Google Play Store. (https://play.google.com/store/apps details?id=ru.iiec.pydroid3&hl=en&pli=1, 01/06/2025).
Python, Cryptography. 2025. "Cryptography 45.0.4", Python Software Foundation. (https://pypi.org/project/cryptography/, 01/06/2025).
PyCryptodome. 2025. "Crypto.Cipher package. Introduction", Readthedocs.io. (https://pycryptodome.readthedocs.io/en/ latest/src/cipher/cipher.html, 30/03/2025).
PyPI. 2024. "Pycryptodome 3.21.0", Python Software Foundation. (https://pypi.org/project/pycryptodome/, 13/12/2024).
Gostcrypto. 2021. "Gostcrypto 1.2.5", Python Software Foundation. (https://pypi.org/project/gostcrypto/, 06/06/2025).
Menu