RESOURCE ORCHESTRATION IN 5G TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Ajit Kumar Singh, Prof G. P. Gadkar
Affiliation: Department of Computer Science Patna Women's College, Bihar, India, Department of Physics College of Commerce, Arts & Science Patliputra University, Bihar, India
Category:
Keywords: 5G, HetNets, 5G Energy Efficiency, Resource Allocation, Radio Access Network
ABSTRACT. Heterogeneous architecture is an underlining feature of 5G, however deployment and management of HetNets in 5G scenarios is yet to be explored. Given the need to satisfy overwhelming capacity demands in 5G, mm-wave spectrum (3-300 GHz) is expected to offer a very compelling long term solution by providing additional spectrum to 5G networks. Hence, the challenge is the integration of mm-wave in heterogeneous and dense networks as well as the backward compatibility and integration with legacy 4G/3G networks. Furthermore, Cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) contribution to 5G is considered as a cost effective and energy efficient solution for dense 5G deployment. From an energy point of view, cost and energy consumption are major considerations for 5G. C-RAN and energy efficiency techniques could help in performance improvements.
Although HetNets were introduced in 4G networks, their complexity has increased in 5G networks. In this paper, we will try to build a clear image of HetNets in 5G cellular networks. We consider different technologies with a special focus on mm-wave networks given its important role in 5G networks. We then address the available standards in HetNets that allow interworking and multihoming between different radio access technologies. Afterwards, we consider the virtualization of 5G HetNets and its benefits. Different resource allocation strategies in the literature are also presented for single-resource as well as for multi-resources. Finally, we give an overview of existing works addressing energy efficiency strategies in 5G networks.
References:
1. Nikola Tesla. Nikola tesla sees a wireless vision. http://www.tfcbooks.com/tesla/ 1915-10-03.htm. [Accessed: Apr. 26, 2021].
2. Ericsson White Paper. 5g radio access, capabilities and technologies. http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/whitepapers/wp-5g.pdf, Apr. 2016. [Accessed: Feb. 17, 2021].
3. M. Agiwal, A. Roy, and N. Saxena. Next generation 5g wireless networks: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 18(3):1617–1655, thirdquarter 2016.
4. 5G PPP Architecture Working Group. View on 5g architecture. White Paper, Jul. 2016. NGMN Alliance. 5G White Paper – Final Deliverable. Technical report, White Paper, Feb. 2015.
5. Jose F. Monserrat, Genevieve Mange, Volker Braun, Hugo Tullberg, Gerd Zim- mermann, and O¨ mer Bulakci. Metis research advances towards the 5g mobile and wireless system definition. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2015(1):53, 2015.
6. A. Kostopoulos, G. Agapiou, F. C. Kuo, K. Pentikousis, A. Cipriano, D. Panaitopol, D. Marandin, K. Kowalik, K. Alexandris, C. Y. Chang, N. Nikaein, M. Goldhamer, A. Kliks, R. Steinert, A. M¨ammel¨a, and T. Chen. Scenarios for 5g networks: The coherent approach. In 2016 23rd International Conference on KjTelecommunications (ICT), pages 1–6, May 2016.
7. Qualcomm. Initial concepts on 5G architecture and integration. Deliverable D3.1, 2016.
8. FCC. FCC Increases 5GHz Spectrum for Wi-Fi, Other Unlicensed Uses. https://www.fcc.gov/document/ fcc-increases-5ghz-spectrum-wi-fi-other-unlicensed-uses, Mar. 2014.
9. Ieee standard for information technology - telecommunications and information ex- change between systems - local and metropolitan networks - specific requirements - part 11: Wireless lan medium access control (mac) and physical layer (phy) specifications: Higher speed physical layer (phy) extension in the 2.4 ghz band. IEEE Std 802.11b-1999, pages 1–96, Jan. 2000.
10. S. G. Sankaran, B. J. Zargari, L. Y. Nathawad, H. Samavati, S. S. Mehta, A. Kheirkhahi, P. Chen, K. Gong, B. Vakili-Amini, J. A. Hwang, S. W. M. Chen, M. Terrovitis, B. J. Kaczynski, S. Limotyrakis, M. P. Mack, H. Gan, M. Lee, R. T. Chang, H. Dogan, S. Abdollahi-Alibeik, B. Baytekin, K. Onodera, S. Mendis,A. Chang, Y. Rajavi, S. H. M. Jen, D. K. Su, and B. A. Wooley. Design and imple- mentation of a cmo 802.11n soc. IEEE Communications Magazine, 47(4):134–143, Apr. 2009.
11. Iso/iec/ieee international standard - information technology – telecommunications and information exchange between systems – local and metropolitan area net- works – specific requirements – part 11: Wireless lan medium access control (mac) and physical layer (phy) specifications amendment 4. ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802- 11:2012/Amd.4:2015(E) (Adoption of IEEE Std 802.11ac-2013), pages 1–430, Aug. 2015.
12. Iso/iec/ieee international standard for information technology–telecommunications and information exchange between systems–local and metropolitan area networks– specific requirements-part 11: Wireless lan medium access control (mac) and physi- cal layer (phy) specifications amendment 3: Enhancements for very high throughput in the 60 ghz band (adoption of ieee std 802.11ad-2012). ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802- 11:2012/Amd.3:2014(E), pages 1–634, Mar. 2014.
13. E. Perahia, C. Cordeiro, M. Park, and L. L. Yang. Ieee 802.11ad: Defining the next generation multi-gbps wi-fi. In 2010 7th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, pages 1–5, Jan. 2010.
14. 3GPP. (E-UTRAN), Overall description, Stage 2 (Release 12). TS36.300, v12.6.0.
15. ETSI TR 101-957. Requirements and architectures for interworking between hiper- lan/2 and 3G cellular systems. Technical report, ETSI, 2001. Online; accessed 24-Jan-2016.
16. Alcatel-Lucent. Wifi roaming-building on andsf and hotspot 2.0, 2012. 3GPP. Architecture enhancements for non-3gpp accesses. Technical specification TS 23.402, 2012. Release 10.
17. Victor C. M. Leung. Multihomed Communication with SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol). Auerbach Publications, Boston, MA, USA, 2013.
18. X. Lagrange. Very tight coupling between lte and wi-fi for advanced offloading procedures. In 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW), pages 82–86, Apr. 2014
19. 3GPP TS 36.932. Scenarios and requirements for small cell enhancements for eutra and eutran. Release 12, Version 12.1.0, Oct. 2014.
20. J. Robson. A white paper by the ngmn alliance: Small cell backhaul requirements. Next Generation Mobile Networks, Jun. 2012.
21. 3GPP. LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description, Stage 2. TS 36.300, v 12.7.0, Oct. 2015.
22. B. Bangerter, S. Talwar, R. Arefi, and K. Stewart. Networks and devices for the 5g era. IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(2):90–96, Feb. 2014.
23. J. G. Andrews, S. Buzzi, W. Choi, S. V. Hanly, A. Lozano, A. C. K. Soong, and J. C. Zhang. What will 5g be? IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 32(6):1065–1082, Jun. 2014.
24. F. Khan, Z. Pi, and S. Rajagopal. Millimeter-wave mobile broadband with large scale spatial processing for 5g mobile communication. In 2012 50th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton), pages 1517–1523, Oct. 2012.
25. O. El Ayach, S. Rajagopal, S. Abu-Surra, Zhouyue Pi, and R.W. Heath. Spatially sparse precoding in millimeter wave mimo systems. Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on, pages 1499–1513, Mar. 2014.
26. Z. Pi and F. Khan. An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems. IEEE Communications Magazine, 49(6):101–107, Jun. 2011.
27. H. Peng, T. Yamamoto, and Y. Suegara. Extended user/control plane architec- tures for tightly coupled lte/wigig interworking in millimeter-wave heterogeneous networks. In 2015 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pages 1548–1553, Mar. 2015.
28. 3GPP TS 36.300. E-UTRA and E-UTRAN, overall description. v12.1.0.
29. Wonyong Yoon and Beakcheol Jang. Enhanced non-seamless offload for lte and wlan networks. Communications Letters, IEEE, 17(10):1960–1963, Oct. 2013.
Menu